HTML

HTML
● ►en /H-T-M-L/ (ou /H-t*-m*-l*/ d'après © Lucas Lardinois) sg. m. ext. ►TYPFICH►LANG HyperText Markup Language. Format de document du web, défini par la RFC 1866. Ce langage simpliste (forme très simplifiée de SGML) est formé de petits "marqueurs" (Exemples: <h1> pour désigner un titre), appelés tags ou balises, que le navigateur sait reconnaître pour agir en conséquence. Voir aussi HTTP, SGML. Ce format est nettement plus puissant et plus simple que les pages Vidéotex (Adieu... Snif!), mais il a pâti des luttes stupides entre sociétés qui visaient à mettre la main sur le net. Du coup, pendant un temps, en 1995-96, ses spécifications changeaient quasiment toutes les semaines (chacun développant ses propres tags dans son coin. Heureusement, un programme de lecture des fichiers HTML se contente d'ignorer superbement ce qu'il ne comprend pas). On en est arrivé à la version 4, mais l'histoire s'arrêtera là, car HTML est destiné à disparaître au profit de langages plus puissants comme XHTML ou, mieux, XML). HTM désigne en particulier un fichier contenant un document formaté en HTML (normalement on devrait utiliser HTML comme extension de fichier, mais Windows et ses limitations sont encore une fois passées par là).

Dictionnaire d'informatique francophone. 2013.

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